Vol. 2, núm. 3 - Agosto 2003     Revista Internacional On-line / An International On-line Journal  
 


LA BATERIA " BEL-AIR " EN LA EVALUACIÓN DE LOS GRUPOS DE FORMACIÓN DE PROFESIONALES (pag. 2)

JJ. Guimón, J.M.Ayerra, S. Erhensperger, B. Weber, A.L. Fredenrich, V. Vucetic, A. Zanello, A. Zinetti, A. Maercker.

 

 
 

Los, análisis preliminares en una muesstra limitada de 8 mujeres (edad media : 40, sd =7) que habían acabado la terapia de grupo muestran una mejoría significativa (Wilcoxon, p = .04) del S pero no del F. Sin embargo, para este último indice, resultó que seis de las pacientes mostraron una mejoría del FI durante la terapia.
El hecho de que el SFQ sea corto (completado en menos de 10 minutos) e ideado para ser igualmente adecuado para los diferentes trastornos psiquiátricos, enfoques terapeúticos y contextos de terapia, es de interés primordial. Además de la utilización del SFQ para objetivos de investigación relativos a la eficacia del tratamiento, el clínico puede luego aplicarlo facilmente en su práctica diaria con una gran variedad de pacientes para reunir información relevante y poder establecer objetivos de tratamiento.

El Cuestionario de Estrategias de Enfrentamiento de ("coping index" de K. Sherrer y U.Scherrer, adaptado por Vucetic).

Se trata de un instrumento que evalúa varias estrategias de enfrentamiento que se suponen varían según tres dimensiones básicas ("dominio funcional", "orientación general hacia el problema", y "foco de atención"). Incluye 21 estrategias convenientemnente definidas.
Durante el año 1999, fue aplicado por Vucetic y cols. a los 60 participantes en el programa de formación en psicoterapia de grupo que realizamos en la Universidad de Ginebra antes y espués de cada seminario, junto con otros instrumentos. El análisis de los resultados, que será publicado en breve, muestra interesantes modificaciones de algunos mecanismos tras la experiencia grupal (Tabla 3).

Table 3 :Cambios imntraindividuales de las estrategias de afrontamiento a lo largo del programa de formación psicoterapia de grupo (n = 49 to 53)

COP- I
Sesión 1.
Sesión 2.
estrategias individuales
mediana
rango
mediana
rango
cambio§
resolución de problemas
3.0
1 - 4
3.5
2 - 4
p < 0.10
aceptación de problemas
2.0
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
N.S
redefinición de problemas
2.0
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
N.S
ruminación
2.5
1 - 4
3.0
2 - 4
p < 0.001a
pensamiento desiderativo
1.0
1 - 4
2.0
1 - 3.5
p < 0.05
represión de los problemas
2.5
1 - 4
2.0
1 - 4
N.S
catarsis emocional
3.0
1 - 4
3.0
1 - 4
p < 0.05
resignación afectiva
2.5
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
N.S
obtención de gratificación
2.0
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
N.S
meditación / relajación
2.0
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
p < 0.002a
abuseo de substancias
1.0
1 - 2.5
1.0
1 - 3.5
p < 0.05
substitución de emociones
2.0
1 - 4
2.0
1 - 4
N.S.
represión de emociones
2.0
1 - 4
2.0
1 - 4
N.S.
modificación self-concept
3.0
1.5 - 4
3.0
2 - 4
N.S.
atribución interna
3.0
1 - 4
3.0
2 - 4
p < 0.10
apoyo del self concept
2.5
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
N.S.
atribución externa
1.5
1 - 4
1.5
1 - 3.5
N.S.
apoyo social
3.0
1.5 - 4
3.0
1 - 4
N.S.
búsqueda de empatía
2.0
1 - 4
2.5
1 - 4
p < 0.05
búsqueda de estima
3.0
1 - 4
3.0
1 - 4
N.S
confirmación de represión
2.0
1 - 4
2.0
1 - 4
N.S
principales dimensiones
coping cognitivo
2.4
1.6 - 3.9
2.5
1.8 - 4.0
p < 0.05
coping emocional
2.1
1.4 - 3.8
2.3
1.6 - 3.9
p < 0.01
coping auto-orientado
2.5
1.8 - 3.6
2.6
2.1 - 3.8
N.S.
coping hetero- orientado
2.6
1.5 - 4.0
2.9
1.5 - 4.0
N.S.
foco en el futuro
2.5
1.7 - 3.6
2.6
2.1 - 4.0
p < 0.005b
foco en el pasado
2.3
1.6 - 3.6
2.5
1.7 - 3.9
N.S.
tendencia a aproximarse
2.6
2.1 - 3.8
2.9
2.2 - 3.9
p < 0.001b
tendencia a evitar
2.1
1.4 - 3.5
2.1
1.5 - 4
N.S.

§ Wilcoxon signed ranks test para cambios intraindividuales
a significativo despuées de la corrección Bonferroni para tests
múltiples, con nivel de significancia de 0.05/21 = 0.0024
b significativo despuées de la corrección Bonferroni para tests
múltiples, con nivel de significancia de 0.05/8 = 0.0063

El Cuestionario de Clima Grupal (adaptado de McKezie, 1990)

Se trata de un cuestionario que consta de 12 preguntas que debe ser completado al final de cada sesión por el terapeuta, los miembros del grupo o el observador según las necesidades del diseño. Se distinguen en él tres subescalas ("colaboración activa", ""atmósfera conflictiva" y "evitación de responsabilidades") que se evalúan separada o conjuntamente.

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