|
Los,
análisis preliminares en una muesstra limitada de 8 mujeres
(edad media : 40, sd =7) que habían acabado la terapia
de grupo muestran una mejoría significativa (Wilcoxon,
p = .04) del S pero no del F. Sin embargo, para este último
indice, resultó que seis de las pacientes mostraron una
mejoría del FI durante la terapia.
El hecho de que el SFQ sea corto (completado en menos de 10
minutos) e ideado para ser igualmente adecuado para los diferentes
trastornos psiquiátricos, enfoques terapeúticos
y contextos de terapia, es de interés primordial. Además
de la utilización del SFQ para objetivos de investigación
relativos a la eficacia del tratamiento, el clínico puede
luego aplicarlo facilmente en su práctica diaria con
una gran variedad de pacientes para reunir información
relevante y poder establecer objetivos de tratamiento.
El
Cuestionario de Estrategias de Enfrentamiento de ("coping
index" de K. Sherrer y U.Scherrer, adaptado por Vucetic).
Se
trata de un instrumento que evalúa varias estrategias
de enfrentamiento que se suponen varían según
tres dimensiones básicas ("dominio funcional",
"orientación general hacia el problema", y
"foco de atención"). Incluye 21 estrategias
convenientemnente definidas.
Durante el año 1999, fue aplicado por Vucetic y cols.
a los 60 participantes en el programa de formación en
psicoterapia de grupo que realizamos en la Universidad de Ginebra
antes y espués de cada seminario, junto con otros instrumentos.
El análisis de los resultados, que será publicado
en breve, muestra interesantes modificaciones de algunos mecanismos
tras la experiencia grupal (Tabla 3).
Table
3 :Cambios imntraindividuales de las estrategias de afrontamiento
a lo largo del programa de formación psicoterapia de
grupo (n = 49 to 53)
|
COP-
I
|
Sesión
1.
|
Sesión
2.
|
|
| estrategias
individuales |
mediana
|
rango
|
mediana
|
rango
|
cambio§
|
| resolución
de problemas |
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
3.5
|
2
- 4
|
p
< 0.10
|
| aceptación
de problemas |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
| redefinición
de problemas |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
| ruminación |
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
3.0
|
2
- 4
|
p
< 0.001a
|
| pensamiento
desiderativo |
1.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.0
|
1
- 3.5
|
p
< 0.05
|
| represión
de los problemas |
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
| catarsis
emocional |
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
p
< 0.05
|
| resignación
afectiva |
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
| obtención
de gratificación |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
| meditación
/ relajación |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
p
< 0.002a
|
| abuseo
de substancias |
1.0
|
1
- 2.5
|
1.0
|
1
- 3.5
|
p
< 0.05
|
| substitución
de emociones |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
N.S.
|
| represión
de emociones |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
N.S.
|
| modificación
self-concept |
3.0
|
1.5
- 4
|
3.0
|
2
- 4
|
N.S.
|
| atribución
interna |
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
3.0
|
2
- 4
|
p
< 0.10
|
| apoyo
del self concept |
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
N.S.
|
| atribución
externa |
1.5
|
1
- 4
|
1.5
|
1
- 3.5
|
N.S.
|
| apoyo
social |
3.0
|
1.5
- 4
|
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
N.S.
|
| búsqueda
de empatía |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.5
|
1
- 4
|
p
< 0.05
|
| búsqueda
de estima |
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
3.0
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
| confirmación
de represión |
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
2.0
|
1
- 4
|
N.S
|
|
|
| principales
dimensiones |
|
| coping
cognitivo |
2.4
|
1.6
- 3.9
|
2.5
|
1.8
- 4.0
|
p
< 0.05
|
| coping
emocional |
2.1
|
1.4
- 3.8
|
2.3
|
1.6
- 3.9
|
p
< 0.01
|
| coping
auto-orientado |
2.5
|
1.8
- 3.6
|
2.6
|
2.1
- 3.8
|
N.S.
|
| coping
hetero- orientado |
2.6
|
1.5
- 4.0
|
2.9
|
1.5
- 4.0
|
N.S.
|
| foco
en el futuro |
2.5
|
1.7
- 3.6
|
2.6
|
2.1
- 4.0
|
p
< 0.005b
|
| foco
en el pasado |
2.3
|
1.6
- 3.6
|
2.5
|
1.7
- 3.9
|
N.S.
|
| tendencia
a aproximarse |
2.6
|
2.1
- 3.8
|
2.9
|
2.2
- 3.9
|
p
< 0.001b
|
| tendencia
a evitar |
2.1
|
1.4
- 3.5
|
2.1
|
1.5
- 4
|
N.S.
|
|
|
§
Wilcoxon signed ranks test para cambios intraindividuales
a significativo despuées de la corrección
Bonferroni para tests
múltiples, con nivel de significancia de 0.05/21 = 0.0024
b significativo despuées de la corrección
Bonferroni para tests
múltiples, con nivel de significancia de 0.05/8 = 0.0063
El
Cuestionario de Clima Grupal (adaptado de McKezie, 1990)
Se
trata de un cuestionario que consta de 12 preguntas que debe
ser completado al final de cada sesión por el terapeuta,
los miembros del grupo o el observador según las necesidades
del diseño. Se distinguen en él tres subescalas
("colaboración activa", ""atmósfera
conflictiva" y "evitación de responsabilidades")
que se evalúan separada o conjuntamente.
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|
|